The study set out to explore different mathematical difficulties among 877 second-grade children and to test the effect of memorization versus conceptual practices with number combinations.

The aim of the present theoretical analysis is threefold. First, we examine the concept of deep learning in light of the three fundamental questions “why”, “what”, and “how” and make assessments concerning its status in contemporary literature.

This paper presents a design-oriented approach to address the challenge of bridging the gap between educational research and practice by empowering teachers to make use of research findings in their classrooms.

Our analyses show how youth use their felt, cultural, and community knowledges, as well as their developing scientific knowledge of physics, to confront and analyze manifestations of racial bias in technologies. The findings highlight the significance of teachers’ pedagogical support and providing opportunities for meaningful transdisciplinary science investigations and speculative designing for more just and thriving futures.