The development of intercultural competence is a crucial part of foreign language (FL) education, yet it remains under-explored in teaching materials and teacher education. Transnational perspectives on FL teaching, and specifically literary texts on migration and exile, may help expand teaching beyond the traditional monocultural focus and stimulate the development of intercultural competence.

The purpose of this study was to gain updated insight into what is being served in kindergartens and hand washing practices before meals. The study is based on internship assignment where total of 120 kindergarten teacher students have observed the meals in five internships between the spring of 2016 and spring of 2018.

Like underperforming companies, relationships or governments, the judgments on underperforming schools are often swift and ruthless. Underperforming school chools are frequently polarised as good or bad, and those schools that fail to hit the mark are fair game for media attention and ripe for some sort of public, external intervention.

In this article, the central question is how the relationship between democracy and education can be understood in terms of civic literacy.